![]() ![]() * Variety of game modes including Single Player, Vs., Player, and Vs. * Guest appearances by rock sensation Lammy and her band MilkCan, plus the ultimate rappin' sensei, Chop Chop Master Onion * Adventure filled with new and familiar faces designed by famed New York artist Rodney Greenblat * Foot-stompin' tunes and catchy lyrics created by the gifted musician Masaya Matsuura, creator of the original Parappa the Rapper. * Sequel to the innovative music game that started the music genre craze Check out the funky fresh tunes that are guaranteed to get your toes tappin' and your head bobbin'. ![]() Join Parappa and a cast of new and familiar characters on a mission of the utmost importance: prevent the Evil Noodle Syndicate from turning everything into noodles. PaRappa the Rapper 2 is a PS2 rhythm game that follows PaRappa and his friends on a quest to save the world from 'Noodlization'. You will find instructions on how to proceed.The original rap star is back in the house! See if you have enough rhythm to keep the beat with everyone's favorite rappin' puppy. Download page for PaRappa the Rapper 2 (Europe, Australia) (En,Fr,De,Es,It). ![]() If you have information or covers that would complete this entry, please feel free to contribute them by clicking the CONTRIBUTE link in the menu on the left. When more accurate information or covers are obtained, the entry will be updated adding the missing information. We couldn't find some of the information and covers for this game. The song will open with one of its alternate lyrics at random, ranging from very easy to very hard X, Circle, Triangle, Square, L1 or R1 ButtonĪfter getting the yellow hat, hold the R3 button, then choose a stage at the selection screen. Testing other emulators/plugins is up to you. ![]() We provide you with one working set-up so that you may get the game up and running, hassle-free. There are others that will work (better or worse) for your particular hardware. NOTE: This is not the only possible combination of plugins. ( Interpolation = 4 Disable Effects Processing = No Use the de-alias filter = No Enable Dubug options = No Module = 1 Synchronizing Mode = TimeStretch Mix Audio Expansion Mode = Stereo ) ( Allow 8-bit textures = Yes Alpha Hack = No Offset Hack = No Skipdraw Hack = No ) PCSX 2 v.0.1.0.0 (Graphic glitches in level 2)ĮE Cyclerate = 2 VU Cycle Stealing = 3 Enable INTC Spin detection = Yes Enable Wait Loop Detection = Yes Enable fast CDVD = No mVU Flag Hack = No MTVU (Multi-Threaded Micro VU1) = Yes Stereo = Yes / Mono = No / Dolby Sorround = No / Dolby Digital = No Dolby Pro logic II = No New quest to defeat the hamburger destroying Noodle GroupĪnd feel the flow from your head to your feet!ĥ0 Hz = Yes / 60 Hz = No / Progressive Scan = No / 16:9 Option = No Parappa the Rapper 2 features flat, 2D visuals similar to those in the original.Īncillary modes include a Practice mode, which allows newcomers to get used to a particular stage's nuances before attempting it, and a two-player Battle mode that can be played against a second player or the computer. Here, the player is required to press the corresponding button when one of the disciples holds up a block with a controller symbol emblazoned upon it. A new mini-game event occurs (based on your point tally) during the stages and sees our hero surrounded by Chop Chop Master Onion's students. Of course, Parappa is tasked with running the group out of town, while proving his manliness to Sunny at the same time. Whereas winning Sunny's heart was Parappa's previous quest, this time around the situation is much more dire a bunch of misfits known as the Noodle Group have invaded Parappatown and have begun transforming all the burgers into noodles. By matching the sequence and timing of button presses as relayed by the masters, players must achieve a "Good" or "Cool" rating to progress further. Newcomers to the fold include Guru Ant, Beard Burger Master, Hairdresser Octopus, and Instructor Moosesha. Gameplay remains largely untouched from the original with Parappa having to make his way through eight levels of rhyming and rapping mayhem, under the watchful eye of a number of rapping masters, including the legendary Chop Chop Master Onion. Parappa the Rapper 2, the direct sequel to Sony Computer Entertainment's 1997 smash-hit, picks up where the original left off with our hero now firmly entrenched in a relationship with his girlfriend Sunny. But every month we have large bills and running ads is our. We dont have paywalls or sell mods - we never will. Menus and gameplay are in Multi-5 (English, French, German, Italian, & Spanish) voices in English. A PaRappa The Rapper 2 (PTR2) Modding Tool in the Other/Misc category, submitted by RubikDash. ![]()
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![]() ![]() And if the program isn't a game, choose "Yes, this is a game." To do recording via windows game DVR, simply click Windows+G in every Windows 10 program. Right-click the audio mixer and choose "Advanced Audio Properties" for more advanced audio mixing options. In the outputted video file, all audio sources will be combined into a stereo audio track. The audio from the microphone will be saved as a video clip. To use a microphone to record external audio in OBS, press to add a new source, and then pick "Audio Input Capture." To make a new input unit, press OK, then choose the microphone you want to record from the drop-down display.Ī new channel will appear use these meters to mix the audio to the appropriate level. If the audio meters are in red, the signal would be blurred and sound bad.Īll sounds emanating from your speakers can now be saved into your video as you record this is a perfect way to record from video games, conference calls, browsers, apps, and more. In the audio mixer's metering, make sure you're getting audio signals. Use this unit as the Audio Output Capture source. To use a Blackhole on a Mac, first uninstall it, then open the Apple Audio MIDI Setup software and build a new Multi-Output unit that includes Blackhole and your main speaker output. You will need to use a recording system or a Multi-Output Audio Device to see the audio meters moving but can't hear it. Step 2: Build a compatible multi-output unit. Choose the default output device or the output device you're using. It is as simple as recording audio on any other software as it is in the obs studio record screen follow the steps below: Audio Recording:Īdd a New Source and click "Audio Output Capture" if you want to record OBS's internal audio. Obs studio record screen also offers more than 20 external plugins to enhance your streaming experience across multiple platforms, e.g., youtube, Facebook, or Instagram live. ![]() ![]() Record a one-minute video in which you test all of the microphones and video captures, and then play it back to ensure it is working properly. Nothing is more frustrating than believing you've filmed a fantastic performance just to discover later that you didn't film any of the microphones or made some other minor but damaging error. It's always a good idea to do a brief test recording before beginning your main recording to double-check everything.Simply click the "Start Recording" button in the bottom right corner, and then click "Stop Recording" when you're done. With several specialized controllers over media formats, file compression, video quality, and streaming options, you can edit the recording format for both video and audio in the settings. If you choose to make more advanced modifications, go to the Settings menu. Look at the Add Source menu to see what other media obs studio record screen can grab. The next step is to include your media outlets, which can vary depending on what you're attempting to catch (webcam, microphone, internal, etc.).Ĭhoose which media outlets to record by clicking to add a link. Name the newly created scene "My Scene 1.".Ěll you need to do is visit their website and click on the version you would like to download on your device.The first move is to get the obs studio record screen from their website and install it.This program has a user-friendly interface and is accessible on a most modern OS, and works according to the professional needs for screen recording. Part 5: All-in-One Screen Recorder & Video Editor for Beginners Part 4: Quick and Easy Alternative: Windows 10's Game DVR Part 3: How to Record Microphone Audio in OBS Part 2: How to Record Internal Audio in OBS ![]() Part 1: How to Use Obs to Record Screen Like an Influencer ![]() ![]() * Read accurate & insightful personalized horoscopes every day. * Uses the same acclaimed readings that you know and love from our desktop software. * Includes over 2500 paragraphs for every planetary position & aspect, including Chiron, major asteroids, centaurs, Eris and other newly discovered TNOs. * The only app available that provides such penetrating accuracy. * View the comparison bi-wheel chart and list of fully interpreted interpersonal astrological connections, and discover the unique chemistry between any two people. * Find out your potentials in romance, money, communication and more. * Our new Compatibility Meter scores the relationship between any two charts. * Optionally include parallel and contra-parallel aspects to natal positions. * Provides date ranges for each transit so you can find windows of opportunity. * Enjoy complete interpretations for transiting or progressed planet positions & aspects. * Show your birth chart with current, historical, or future transits / progressions in a bi-wheel. * Instantly share your charts with friends via email, FaceBook, Instagram, Twitter, and others. * Create as many birth charts as you like with no additional purchase. ![]() * Allows you to enter and save your profiles with pictures for friends & family. * Interact with professionally accurate color charts using pinch zooming. ![]() * Quickly create charts with insightful interpretations of each feature * Moon phases and upcoming Mercury retrograde periods are placed on the home screen for easy reference. * Use your default location, or optionally your phone’s GPS, in order that the app can center the chart on or close to your current position. * Up to the minute chart of the current astrology is a finger tap away. Using the same powerful engine behind our award-winning desktop software, we’ve condensed all the following features into one great app: Great for beginners as well as experienced astrologers, TimePassages Pro now makes astrology more accessible than ever before. Gorgeous color charts with insightful interpretations make TimePassages Pro the most advanced astrology app available. or Android KitKat 4.4, Lollipop 5.0, Marshmallow 6.0, Nougat 7.0, Oreo 8.0, Android Pie 9.0, Quince Tart 10, Red velvet cake 11, Snow cone 12 or later versions ![]() ![]() Their platform is more cat friendly, less corporate, and more compassionate supporting: They believe in equality for all cats, no matter what their breed, color, or economic status. On the other paw, the DemoCATS believe in much the same, but have a very different feline view on how to get there. ‘If you have the means and the money, this kind of thing would never happen.’ DemoCAT Pink Collar favors equality for all cats DemoCAT Pink Collar is for equality for all cats, no matter what their breed, color, or economic status. A kind human came to their rescue, and introduced them to forever homes. He and his brothers were thrown out of the warm comforts of home, leaving them to fend for themselves in a barn. Little Yellow didn’t grow up as Paws in Chief, he’s a self-made cat. He says, ‘We must fight on and defend our borders no matter what the cost’. He is Chief Cat at Paws for Reflection, and he is all about maintaining status and getting ahead in the cat pecking order here at home and overseas. RepubliCAT hopeful Little Yellow, who is not so little anymore, comes from a business background. It doesn’t really impact us well-to-do cats much. Let the low-life continue to struggle to find their next meal, hunting for mice, diving into garbage cans, and begging on street corners.Well, that translates to yummy food and more cat creature comforts for all the Fat Cats. Why give this luxury to those that can’t afford it? Equal healthcare, as long as your cat person has the money to fund it.Why not bring them to the front lines and out of the alley? Cat security at home and abroad, with a strong national cat army made up of the ferals who struggle to maintain their existence each day.The RepubliCATS’ pawsome platform favors: RepubliCATS favor more wealth, leading to more Fat Cats RepubliCAT Little Yellow, all for Fat Cats Even though they are PolitiCATS, they don’t all think alike, and there are many divides amongst them, so many that they have split into Cat Parties: the RepubliCATS, DemoCATS, IndepeCATS and Green CATS.įor a cats’ eye view of their platforms and how they plan to wiggle their way into the hearts of the American voters, Paws for Reflection had some real cat luck come our way, as we interviewed some of the new found cat contenders for the highest office in the land. Each one believes they only must remain on top, no matter what. They are all paws up for cat equality, except when it comes to them. Could that newfound popularity catapult them to victory in November? If they back down on their stance, they’ll drop down in the pecking order, and that would make their cat life most unbearable, because they want to be the Top Esteemed Cat, not next in line, devastating their PolitiCAT ambitions. They’re in it, not to win one catfight, but to win them all, go the distance, and have a cat in the oval office. They walk straight up, tales in the air, and stare you straight in the eye. Like Republican Presidential hopefuls Donald Trump and Ted Cruz, the RepubliCATS aren’t afraid to throw a hard paw and bare their teeth with a vicious growl. And they are putting on their most pleasing purr to raise the money needed for sustainability till the end when we get another first – the first Cat President of the United States of America. ![]() These PolitiCATS are going full tail-speed ahead, creating a flurry of flying fur, in this already crowded race. 9) this round of catfights is bound to take center stage over any debate, making Trump’s comments against women seem angst, and test the Clinton’s honesty when it comes to cutting through the cat chase. 1, and the #New Hampshire Primary right behind, (Tuesday, Feb. With the #Iowa Caucus set for Monday, Feb. With teeth bared and claws out, they are throwing their paws into the ring, bringing Meow Power in ernst to the Presidential catfight that’s only beginning to heat up. You’ve got some newfound cat competitors, the PolitiCATS. Step over Donald Trump, Ted Cruz, Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders. ![]() ![]() ![]() Therefore, we know that every 4 4 4 bits in a string will encode a letter. Huffman coding works by using a frequency-sorted binary tree to encode symbols.Įach letter has the same number of bits that encodes it. There is an algorithm for generating the Huffman coding for a given message based on the frequencies of symbols in that particular message. This means that the Huffman coding for sending message X may differ from the Huffman coding used to send message Y. Since the frequencies of symbols vary across messages, there is no one Huffman coding that will work for all messages. Symbols that appear more often will be encoded as a shorter-bit string while symbols that aren't used as much will be encoded as longer strings. Huffman coding provides an efficient, unambiguous code by analyzing the frequencies that certain symbols appear in a message. It is easy to see why efficient and unambiguous information encoding is a topic of interest in computer science. Computers execute billions of instructions per second, and a single video game can be billions of bits of data. Video games, photographs, movies, and more are encoded as strings of bits in a computer. Strings of bits encode the information that tells a computer which instructions to carry out. In computer science, information is encoded as bits-1's and 0's. coding is an efficient method of compressing data without losing information. PriorityQueue q = new PriorityQueue(n, new ImplementComparator()) ![]() Print(' %-4r |%12s' % (char, huffmanCode))Ĭlass ImplementComparator implements Comparator Nodes = sorted(nodes, key=lambda x: x, reverse=True) # Main function implementing huffman codingĭef huffman_code_tree(node, left=True, binString=''):ĭ.update(huffman_code_tree(l, True, binString + '0'))ĭ.update(huffman_code_tree(r, False, binString + '1'))įreq = sorted(ems(), key=lambda x: x, reverse=True) For each non-leaf node, assign 0 to the left edge and 1 to the right edge.Īssign 0 to the left edge and 1 to the right edgeĭef _init_(self, left=None, right=None):.Repeat steps 3 to 5 for all the characters. Repeat steps 3 to 5 for all the characters.Remove these two minimum frequencies from Q and add the sum into the list of frequencies (* denote the internal nodes in the figure above).Set the value of the z as the sum of the above two minimum frequencies. Assign the minimum frequency to the left child of z and assign the second minimum frequency to the right child of z. Make each unique character as a leaf node.These are stored in a priority queue Q.Ĭharacters sorted according to the frequency Sort the characters in increasing order of the frequency.Calculate the frequency of each character in the string.Huffman coding is done with the help of the following steps. The tree created above helps in maintaining the property. a code associated with a character should not be present in the prefix of any other code. Huffman Coding prevents any ambiguity in the decoding process using the concept of prefix code ie. ![]() Once the data is encoded, it has to be decoded. Huffman coding first creates a tree using the frequencies of the character and then generates code for each character. Using the Huffman Coding technique, we can compress the string to a smaller size. Thus, a total of 8 * 15 = 120 bits are required to send this string. There are a total of 15 characters in the above string. Initial stringĮach character occupies 8 bits. Suppose the string below is to be sent over a network. Huffman Coding is generally useful to compress the data in which there are frequently occurring characters. Huffman Coding is a technique of compressing data to reduce its size without losing any of the details. Decrease Key and Delete Node Operations on a Fibonacci Heap. ![]() ![]() ![]() The last player or team standing wins the round. The available safe area of the game’s map decreases in size over time, directing surviving players into tighter areas to force encounters. Moreover, the developers provide the APK file on the official webpage. An option to download and install the game through the APK file is also available. Pubg Mobile Lite APK is only available for Android devices and players can download the game through the Google Play Store. In the game, up to one hundred players parachute onto an island and scavenge for weapons and equipment to kill others while avoiding getting killed themselves. Guide for players to download PUBG Mobile Lite APK 0.22.0 update. The game is based on previous mods that were created by Brendan “PlayerUnknown” Greene for other games, inspired by the 2000 Japanese film Battle Royale, and expanded into a standalone game under Greene’s creative direction. PlayerUnknown’s Battlegrounds (PUBG) is an online multiplayer battle royale game developed and published by PUBG Corporation, a subsidiary of South Korean video game company Bluehole. Read More: PUBG Mobile: Big update, PUBG Mobile 1.5 Beta update released, check details of Direct APK Download Without VPN About PUBG Mobile Step 5: Download the update & then restart the app to see new content in the game. Step 4: Once the installation is complete, open the game & a dialogue box will appear which will ask to download with a 153 MB Update. However, before players proceed to install the game, they must enable the ‘Install from unknown source’ option if not enabled already. Step 3: After the download has completed, they can locate and install it. ![]() ![]() ![]() Players are given Bingo points everytime one of their friends calls Bingo and the points can be redeemed for credits.Ĥ. Gift Center and Bingo Points – The gift center adds another social layer in the game, where players can ask their Facebook friends for additional credits, power up packs and spins.īingo points are a way for friends to help each other indirectly when they can’t send/receive gifts. Quest System – A quest system that rewards the player for activity within game, which further enables them to play more sessions.ģ. Milestones are basically location goals, which rewards the player for grinding all stars from a city.Ģ. Daily Bonus and milestones – A daily bonus system that rewards the player for logging in daily, also additionally there is a daily free and paid wheelspin which gives the player additional chances to earn rewards. The game employs several tactics to engage and retain players, some of them beingġ. ![]() This way the game can make the player grind or spend more in the previous rooms to unlock and experience the new rooms.] Progression in the game map can be summarized by the following loop,Īs the player progresses through the rooms, the prerequisite to participate in each room increases in terms of number of items to be found and credit requirement per card. Stars are earned by collecting items that pertain to a room, these items are available as an optional drop via shadow cards and treasures in the bingo sessions. ![]() Player progression in the game is linear, where a player has to earn enough stars from the previous room to unlock the next one. Loss Recovery – Bingo blitz encourages players to keep at it even after a loss by providing guaranteed shadow cards, which would help them in their progression. When a player is bored with a particular room, they can simply switch to another room and enjoy the uniqueness of that room.Ħ. In a themed room, the items, ball announcements, BG music are thematized which gives a fresh look and feel to the game and contributes to longer sessions. Themed Rooms – All the rooms are themed based on an event, location or activity. Though this might seem like a disadvantage to the player, who has lost the potential to call more bingoes, it also makes card management when the player has 2-4 cards much easier.ĥ. One Bingo Call per Card – Since the lose condition of a session is based on the number of bingo’s called, the game allows the player to call only 1 bingo per card. This, coupled with added bonuses for player’s position in the room leaderboard makes for an exciting session, while simultaneously encouraging them to use more power-ups to get the upper hand, thus reinforcing the coin spending loop to acquire power ups.Ĥ. In a multiplayer room, all participants are competing for the chance to call 1,2,3 or 4 Bingos based on the number of cards they have. Multiplayer Rooms – Unlike some games, where the lose condition is when the number of called numbers run out, the lose condition in Bingo Blitz is when the max number of Bingo calls in the room has become 0. Power ups have been categorized into various types (Uncommon, common, rare, epic) based on their usefulness and are monetized using coins.ģ. These power ups are routinely rewarded to the player and have been given a prominent place in the game screen so that the player is acclimatized to using power ups for as many sessions as possible. Power Ups – Power ups are available to the player which increase their chances of calling Bingo. Sometimes these tiles also give items pertaining to events and help them progress in the event loop.Ģ. These bonuses include coins, treasures, XP which help the player progress in their meta by giving them additional resources. Special Number Tiles – Some of the number tiles give the player additional bonuses when they are daubed. ![]() Though the rules of bingo are pretty much the same, there are some new elements added which make it viable for a meaningful meta and event loop. This is the primary core loop of Bingo Blitz.īingo Blitz has added it’s own spice to the core game, which is 75 ball Bingo. With each newer unlocked room, the cost of entry and reward is increased and therefore the player has to spend more time in-game to experience these rooms. The player plays a session of Bingo to earn stars and resources which help them unlock newer “rooms” to play Bingo. The core loop of Bingo Blitz revolves around Bingo game sessions, around which all of its other features are designed. Bingo Blitz has been one of the best performing Bingo games for quite a while and I try to understand why with a deconstruction. ![]() ![]() ![]() The microphone is used for receiving and processing sound in the environment. Grove is a shield card that allows Raspberry Pi to be connected to grove sensors. Raspberry Pi is a credit card-sized minicomputer. According to previous research, STR Material and methodsĪs shown in Fig. 1, the device consists of four parts. Speech-text recognition (STR) technology simultaneously writes text flows from a person’s speech. Sicong et al. designed a smartphone application for users who have difficulty hearing which detects sounds in various environments and then warns the user about these sounds. The authors made an interpretation of sign language for deaf students while watching video on a large screen. Jones et al. aimed at helping young children with sign language training. Section 4 presents the results of the investigation Section 5 discusses the results, and Section 6 concludes the paper and provides directions for future work. Section 3, provides information of the methodology used in the study. Section 2 presents an overview of the existing related work. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. These innovations can help deaf people to communicate more effectively with others . Additionally, various auxiliary communication applications have been developed to reduce the problems faced by the hearing-impaired. Wearable devices have been used to help people with hearing impairments in their daily lives. In recent years, a growing number of studies on wearable devices for the disabled have been published demonstrating that these types of devices can improve mobility and quality of life for people with disabilities. Wearable technology can be very helpful for all users, particularly deaf individuals. To address the important issues those with hearing difficulties face, researchers and practitioners have turned to technology to devise cost-effective solutions. These studies have focused on voice recognition, speech recognition, and verification of communication among others . With this aim, several research studies have been carried out in recent years to develop speech recognition technologies. Speech recognition systems seek to enable human–computer interaction quickly and effectively . The purpose of speech recognition is to convert speech into a format useful for computer applications . In sum, this inability to communicate effectively can lead to various negative outcomes for those with hearing difficulties. Finally, students with hearing difficulties tend to have lower education levels than other students, which increases their frustration and makes them more prone to being alone. For example, if a deaf person is unable to accurately understand a doctor during a medical visit, it can severely affect their health and standard of living. Moreover, in some important situations in which a sign language interpreter is unavailable, a deaf person critically needs a hearing aid. ![]() When deaf people wish to report a confidential or otherwise sensitive matter, it is often very difficult for them. Furthermore, it may result in life-threatening delays or errors in crucial situations such as not being aware of emergency sounds (e.g., alarms, ringtones, and car horns) . Deaf people are generally unable to communicate effectively with those who do not speak sign language, which can lead to potential disappointments. The most significant issue they face is that they may not understand what another person is saying if there is no one around who can intermediate to convey the speaker’s message. The results had 95% accuracy, 97% specificity and 76% sensitivity.ĭeaf people face many difficulties in their daily lives because of challenges in communicating. Tests were conducted in three different signal-to-noise ratio environments in real time with a typical computer setup. A study was conducted with the device in which speech was detected using Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), pre-processing, and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). The device consists of a microphone and vibration motor and is mounted on the user’s back. I have designed and developed a wearable, vibration-based system that will enable deaf people to distinguish important sentences, thereby improving their quality of life. They can assist deaf people perform their daily activities more easily without requiring assistance from others. Wearable devices have substantial potential for voice recognition applications owing to their low cost and light weight. A sense of sound is critical for quality of life for people with hearing difficulties, including deaf people. Numerous people around the world experience varying degrees of hearing difficulties. ![]() ![]() ![]() It’s found in the right-hand editing toolbar, and clicking it opens a new dialog box. The Color module is a fantastic improvement and a useful tool. The image alignment process is also improved: During HDR preparation, image alignment is calculated more accurately.Īside from these excellent improvements to HDR file quality, HDR Projects 8 also includes several new tools: Color Module Each bracketed image is individually assessed for exposure and blur to identify outliers more accurately. There are several upgrades that result in better-quality HDR composites.įor example, the underlying technology that analyzes the exposure of each bracketed image is improved. ![]() The first things to note are the various improvements to the HDR creation process. Improved image alignment during the HDR process.Improved exposure analysis for HDR merging.The following are particularly notable improvements: Version 8 offers a balanced update that includes performance improvements, new tools, and vast upgrades to the HDR process. To start our HDR Projects 8 Review, it is important to understand what has improved from version 7. Overall, HDR Projects 8 is a significant improvement over its predecessor and is one of the best standalone HDR editing programs available. You can then choose from a variety of HDR presets or use post-processing tools to edit the final image as desired. In contrast, professional and experienced users can benefit from the advanced tools as well as the impressive level of control provided over the editing and HDR processes.įor accurate and realistic HDR creation, HDR Projects 8 allows you to edit the initial bracketed images. However, beginners could find the interface and number of tools overwhelming. The software is not process-hungry and doesn’t require a high-spec device to run smoothly. ![]() ![]() ![]() The extreme devotion to Jim Jones and the deadly results from his followers’ allegiance left no doubt that the Peoples Temple met every definition of a cult. Many years later, as a writer, I contributed to the body of work exploring this phenomenon – the Jonestown Project, sponsored by the religious studies department at San Diego State University. So, I delved into it, trying to understand how religious people can become so easily led astray from truth, hope and life itself. ![]() This event coincided with my theological studies. The common use of “drinking the Kool-Aid,” when referring to someone uncritically accepting so-called truth espoused by an authoritarian leader, came from this tragic incident on Nov. The Peoples Temple, led by minister Jim Jones, is one of the most extreme forms of cultic behavior, leading to the deaths of more than 900 followers in Jonestown, Guyana. No room is allowed for truth to arise from within it is dispensed solely and without questioning by an authoritative leader. Other typical marks include secrecy about finances, and leadership that is not held to behavioral standards expected of others. Logic is sacrificed for inclusion in the esoteric group, and fears stirred by these theories fuel greater allegiance to the leader who is deemed the only source of hope. Verifiable facts to the contrary are not persuasive. Unfounded conspiracy theories about secret power structures and history-changing events on the horizon, unknown to or unaccepted by the masses, are fully embraced by cultists. These include rejection of criticism and critical thinking, treating disagreement as disloyalty, allowing no room for independent decision making, a process of indoctrination (sometimes called brainwashing) and the elevation of specific teachings to an inerrant, infallible status. While a cult rests on blind and unwavering allegiance to an authoritative leader, there are more requirements. His egregious behavior that followed – while retaining significant support, especially among conservative white Christians – suggests the accuracy of this claim from someone known for repeated inaccuracies. The idea of a “cult of personality” was certainly raised by Trump himself when he bragged he could stand in the middle of Fifth Avenue and shoot someone and not lose any voters. Therefore, calling the broader swath of supporters of the current president or anyone else a cultist would be inaccurate.īut it is fair to ask if within this sea of political loyalists are those, in great number, who have taken Trumpism to the point of cultism. Strong allegiance to a religious or political leader is not enough to make one a cultist. I resist using it, however, when the technical definitions are not met. ![]() The word “cult” gets tossed around to the point it takes on pejorative meanings. ![]() |
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